Demand for organic cotton is highest in europe about 3,500 tons or 58% of the total and the u. Various sadc countries are also major producers of cotton. Value chain analysis of the cotton market in tanzania. Introduction a principal argument for policy reform in the cotton sector was the enormous gap between world prices and the prices received by tanzanian producers. Baffes 2009 explains that the poll tax contributed to forced labor conditions, because cotton was the only crop able to generate cash to pay the. This book tells the story of cotton in tanzania, which illustrates both the potential of the crop and the factors which have held it back. The cotton sector of tanzania world bank documents. Tanzania to cultivate 196,373 acres of cotton by 2018. Cotton is tanzanias largest export crop after coffee. Comparative country study of the development of textile and. Analysis of cotton byproducts survey in tanzania unctad. Stakeholders perspectives provided by economic and social research foundation esrf introduction the german settlers did the introduction of the cotton and textile production in tanzania around 1904 but the industry was developed in.
Mission to improve the production, productivity and pro. Poor regulation and lack of reliable payments to farmers has plagued production. In organic cotton production global organic cotton production grew by an impressive 56 percent in 201718, well exceeding the previous years growth rate of 10 percent. Purchasing decisions made by consumers have the ability to directly impact production methods and thereby both environmental security and social equity. Country update integrating the eac cotton, textile and apparel sector in global value chains. Metl groups cotton farm provides direct and indirect employment to many families whereby ensuring sustainable livelihood, while metl groups farmers business groups across a range of districts including musoma, bunda, serengeti, butiama, busega and bariadi provide direct assistance to more than 6,000 cotton farmers. Tanzania cotton board tanzania chamber of commerce. A brief history of the cotton industry in tanzania. Bt cotton to limit crop losses due to insect attacks 16 development of bt commercial cotton cultivars and hybrids 20 production of bt cotton cultivars and hybrids and their seed provision 21. It is important to note that the total cotton seed and lint production in the country as reported by tcb differs with fao. Africa, both francophone as well as anglophone, has traditionally been an important cotton production base.
Sisal derives its name from the port of sisal in yucatan in mexico. An alternative source for lint and seed production in urt is provided by the tanzania cotton board tcb figure 3. In tanzania, cotton is a strategic crop, as it contributes substantially to export revenues and employment in the two cotton growing zones, namely. It is presently responsible for 95% of the cotton produced internationally, having spread from its original home in mesoamerica to numerous countries in both hemispheres. Tanzania is set to get competitive in cotton farming, with its season kicking in at such a favorable time for the countrys economy. There is a particular focus on the role of the private sector. The market is segmented by geography benin, mali, burkina faso, ivory coast, cameroon, nigeria and tanzania. Tanzania major exports are agricultural commodities with tobacco, coffee, cotton, cashewnuts, tea and cloves being the most important. While some natural, infrastructure and marketing factors have been known to contribute to low agricultural productivity, reasons related to accountability on the part of officials managing different organs have been little known. Importantly for development practitioners, the tanzanian cotton sector, unlike many others in subsaharan africa, operates in a highly.
Sisal agave sisalana is the plant which yields the sisal fiber. Oct 28, 2011 why tanzania s cotton crop is still bound up with poverty. Agricultural performance in tanzania under structural adjustment programs. Economic and social importance of cotton production and. In that year, cotton production in india amounted to around 5. Cashew production in tanzania began towards the end of the british trusteeship of tanganyika in the 1950s. Apart from low production growth of the cotton industry continued to be affected by a number of challenges including the following. It provides income for millions of people, especially those living in rural areas, and is an important source of foreign exchange earnings. It was initiated by gatsby africa, with the government of tanzania, in 2007 and. The plan of action detailed in tanzanias cottontoclothing strategy, for instance, contains the following aims.
Recent travel restrictions in india, pakistan, and vietnam are likely to have similar impacts on cotton supply and demand in the shortterm. Economic and social importance of cotton production and trade. Project muse smallholder cotton production in tanzania. According to tcb, the production of cotton lint for the 2005. Raw cotton, cotton lint and cotton seed production in tanzania 19902010. Production was carried out by a total of 182,876 farmers, the majority of whom were. Expanding agricultural production in tanzania scoping study for igc tanzania on the national panel surveys dr vincent leyaro, university of daressalaam professor oliver morrissey, university of nottingham april, 20 contents purpose and aims 1. Its growing season of approximately 150 to 180 days is the longest of any annually planted crop in the country. During the 1920s new efforts focused on smallholder production, first in eastern and later in western tanzania. As a result, tanzanias half a million smallholder cotton farmers in the lake zone, the region southeast of lake victoria where.
However, planting and harvesting seasons may vary, depending on low, intermediate or high seasonal rainfall figures 2 and 3. The cotton to clothing strategy of tanzania is a five. Tanzania is the biggest producer, accounting for about 31 % of the regions cotton output in the 200405 marketing year. Emerging issues on accountability in kilosa district, morogoro. In tanzania, cotton is a strategic crop, as it contributes substantially to export revenues and employment in the two cottongrowing zones, namely. Sisal accounts for a large proportion of the world supply of. While cotton growing and ginning is a top agricultural export industry in tanzania, the sector has been struggling for the past 50 years. Nearly 99 percent of tanzanias cotton is grown in the northwest, near lake victoria figure 1. Estimates indicate that growth will continue next year, stemming predominantly from india, tanzania, turkey, kyrgyzstan and brazil, among others. Cotton is grown in 17 states and is a major crop in 14. Comparative country study of the development of textile. Around the villages in tanzanias western cotton growing area, where 99% of the.
It does not neglect the fact that tanzanias largest ever cotton crop of 376,000 tons of seed cotton was achieved in 200506 or that government and farmers initiatives over time have been serious and have had some success. Trends in global production, trade and policy after years of negotiations and even a framework resolution to a pivotal trade dispute, cotton still remains a critical concern for countries at the world trade organization. Ictsd programme on agriculture trade and sustainable development cotton. Pdf traditional cash crop production in tanzania has been declining with time. In 2012, tanzania was the worlds eighth largest producer of cashews and the fourth largest in africa. China, india, usa, pakistan and uzbekistan are the five. Tanzania main exports partners are india, japan, china, united arab emirates, netherlands and germany.
Tanzanian cotton sector we are working with local institutions to restructure tanzanias cotton sector and build supportive markets to ensure more than 400,000 farmers can access the quality inputs and training they need to improve agronomy, increase yields and boost incomes. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cotton in the. This document was completed after eight months of consultation meetings and workshops of both the core team and stakehold ers. Threats to the sustainability of cotton production in africa 12 3. Organic cotton market report 2019 textile exchange. A brief overview of the status of the cotton subsector in tanzania. Pdf this policy brief is focused on the rise and fall of cotton contract farming in bunda district, mara region, tanzania. However, only 10 to 15 million tons tend to be used in the manufacture of value added products. Sep 24, 2019 this statistic shows the worlds leading cotton producing countries in crop year 20182019. Figure 1 tanzanias major cotton production zone is located near lake victoria. Global consumption is expected to continue growing, but at a rate slightly below its longrun average.
Tanzania cotton market, value chain analysis, scp model 1. Africa cotton market size share analysis future to 2025. Cotton production is expected to rise by nearly four times this season, thanks to an increase in the number of regions preferring cultivation of the crop due to prospects of better prices. The cotton sector is central to africas efforts in fightingpoverty. The maize value chain in tanzania food and agriculture. Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cotton in the united. Cotton production during 200405 can be summarised as follows. The cotton belt spans the southern half of the unites states, from virginia to california.
The paper summarises a wide range of information on the production and trade of west african cotton and its social and economic importance for the region. Market participation and profitability of cotton in malawi. Oec tanzania tza exports, imports, and trade partners. The stable cotton prices experienced during the colonial period continued throughout this period. In 200405 cotton lint was tanzanias top agricultural export earner. Africa cotton market size share analysis future to. More on tanzania from our other sites crops by production value. Cotton was introduced to tanzania around 1904 by german settlers as a plantation crop, but the attempt failed. This statistic shows the worlds leading cotton producing countries in crop year 20182019. Cotton, an important cash crop for african smallholder farmers 7 2.
The remainder or 80% of the biomass stays unutilized in cotton fields on annual basis. Record tanzania cotton production of 580,000 bales was set in my 200506. Covid19 spurs record downward adjustments to global. The cotton sector development programme csdp is an important effort to turn this situation around by addressing the principal causes of low productivity in cotton growing and ginning production of cotton lint in the lake zone. About 14 million people or 40% of the total population derives their livelihood directly or indirectly from cotton that is grown by an estimated 500,000 small holder farmers with approximate. Why tanzanias cotton crop is still bound up with poverty. Cotton board tcb began assessing different options for sector reform, eventually embarking on pilots with contract farming. Bt cotton to limit crop losses due to insect attacks 16 development of bt commercial cotton cultivars and hybrids 20 production of bt. World lint prices fell in real terms by more than 60% between 1950 and 2000.
This article uses the story of cotton cultivation in tanzania to analyse critically. In 20172018, the fiber was planted on a total of 356,1 hectares ha, with an additional 44,394 ha in transition to organic. Cotton is traditionally a cash crop for smallholder farmers in malawi, supporting more than 100,000 families. As a consequence organic production only represented 20% of the national production for the same period cdo 2008. Cotton is generally planted in northwestern tanzania in december, with harvesting and marketing beginning in late june or early july. Due to lack of proper training and availability of inputs the pest incidence caused the loss of about 68% of the yield in these areas.
Tanzania cotton board tcb our mission to improve the production, productivity and profitability of cotton by maximizing the compliance to rules and regulations that safeguard the quality of cotton sold both locally and abroad. Tanzania cotton association tca is deeply appreciating of all the stakeholders who contributed their inputs to the elaboration of cotton to clothing strategy. World production of organic cotton amounts to 6,000 tons of fiber annually, or about 0. While some natural, infrastructure and marketing factors have. Around the villages in tanzania s western cotton growing area, where 99% of the countrys cotton is grown, the term agent has become. Raw cotton, cotton lint and cotton seed production in tanzania 1990 2010. Data africa is an opensource platform designed to provide information on health, agriculture, climate, and poverty across focus countries in africa. The cotton sector of zambia africa region working paper series no.
The price stability of this period is especially remarkable when compared to the volatile price fluctuations that followed, from the 1970s onward. Traditional cash crop production in tanzania has been declining with time. Organic cotton production offers a strong alternative to current production methods. Production of cotton on a commercial scale started at ukiriguru, south of lake victoria, following the. Africa cotton market growth, trends and forecasts 2020 2025 the africa cotton market report analyses latest market trend, growth drivers, restraints and indepth value chain analysis. Pdf the rise and fall of cotton contract farming in tanzania.
For example, cotton spinning in china fell by upwards of 90 percent during the height of the crisis in early march. Growth and production of cotton encyclopedia of life. Ictsd programme on agriculture trade and sustainable. Cotton is tanzanias second largest export crop after coffee and africas fourthlargest producer of cotton after mali, burkina faso and egypt. To promote cotton production, improve quality and enhance the competitiveness of tanzania cotton. Pdf agricultural performance in tanzania under structural. The total land under cotton cultivation in tanzania is estimated between 400,000 to 500,000 ha characterized by high fluctuations in production. This treemap shows the crops produced in tanzania sized by their production value. In 200405 cotton lint was tanzania s top agricultural export earner.